Injuries kill nearly 6 million people worldwide annually with another approximately 650 million people worldwide living with disabilities due to injury. The World Bank predicts that due to further economic development and increased motorization, global road traffic deaths will rise by more than 35% from 2010 to 2020. Vulnerable road users (VRUs) such as motorcyclists, pedestrians, and bicyclists bear a disproportionate share of the injury burden. Similarly, those from low and middle income countries have the highest burden of injury related mortality and morbidity and these locations are the least financially equipped, have the greatest challenges in providing care, the weakest evidence base to guide interventions, and the fewest resources, policies or infrastructure to institute effective change. This project focuses on identifying locations with high incidents of road traffic crashes (RTCs) that might be amenable to prevention initiatives. By using Geographic Information Systems in Galle, Sri Lanka and Kigali, Rwanda, this project utilizes and compares crowd-sourced data from high utilizer groups of VRUs to a police dataset to determine hot spots for VRU RTCs. At the conclusion of the project, we will have determined hotspots and built environment characteristics of VRU RTCs in two study locations utilizing both surveys and police datasets. We will have compared and contrasted the data, experiences in implementing the project, and methods used in both locations in order to develop an implementation plan for other locations. General Objective: Validation of high road utilizer surveys as a data source for GIS/spatial analysis of RTC among VRUs in Sri Lanka and Rwanda Specific Objectives: 1. Determine the location of hot spots for VRU RTC based on existing police records 2. Determine location of hot spots for VRU RTC based on high road utilizer surveys (%u201Ccrowd-sourcing%u201D) 3. Determine the association between spatial analysis of hotspot location by survey and by police data 4. Compare and contrast data and experiences from Sri Lanka and Rwanda

We have had numerous abstracts presented at US and international international conferences including our Sri Lankan colleagues presenting an abstract at the European Society of Emergency Medicine in Torino, Italy October 2015 on our Sri Lankan results. We have two papers submitted on these results and 3 nearly ready for submission.