Cancer incidence and mortality continue to rise across Sub-Saharan Africa, where limited treatment options, stigma, and cultural beliefs compound the psychological burden of cancer. In Tanzania, stigma, cultural beliefs, and limited psychosocial resources results in increased psychological distress and hinder treatment adherence.

This qualitative study explored the psychosocial challenges of cancer patients at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre (KCMC) in Moshi, Tanzania, with a focus on how stigma and cultural beliefs affects treatment adherence. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 healthcare providers, including physicians, nurses, and social workers. Using thematic analysis, the study identified stigma and cultural beliefs as major barriers influencing patients’ care-seeking behaviors and adherence to treatment. Providers described widespread psychological distress among patients, inconsistent psychosocial services, and particularly heightened distress among pediatric and adolescent populations.

Findings emphasize the need for integrating psychosocial services into routine oncology care through staff mental health training, community education to reduce stigma, and stronger partnerships between healthcare facilities, traditional healers, and community leaders.