The “One Health” framework recognizes the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health. Zoonotic pathogens, which are transmitted from animals to humans, and reverse zoonotic pathogens, which are transmitted from humans to animals, illustrate this concept. This project examines One Health dynamics among smallholder farmers and their animals in the SAVA region of northeastern Madagascar. To investigate pathogens along the human–livestock interface, we conducted surveys and biological sampling, with ongoing laboratory analyses at Mahaliana Labs in Antananarivo, Madagascar. This project brings together collaborators from Duke University, Duke-NUS, East Carolina University, and Mahaliana Labs.