To perform prospective febrile illness surveillance in an area of northern Tanzania thought to be endemic for brucellosis in order to isolate and identify the predominant Brucella species causing human brucellosis.

It is a fundamental knowledge gap whether cases of human brucellosis are caused by B. melitensis vs. B. abortus. If one species appears to be more common than the other, this finding would have important animal vaccine disease control implications-- scale-up of bovine vaccine for B. abortus vs. scale-up of small ruminant (sheep & goats) vaccine for B. melitensis.